Car construction.



Nd. 897,314. .PATENTED SEPT. 1,1908.

F. E. STEBBINS. OAR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION IiLED DEC. 9, 1895.

7 SHEETSS11EET 1.

WITNESSES. NI/ENTOH @mw www PATENTED SEPT. 1, 1908..

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

F E STEBBINS CAR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 9, 1895.

,WITNESSES: 1

No. 897,314. PATENTED SEPT. 1, 1908.

F. E. STEBBINS.

OAR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 9, 1895.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

v hive/1Z0? 7 SHEETS-SHEET 4.-

PATENTED SEPT. 1, 1908.

F. E. STEBBINS. GAR CONSTRUCTION. APPLIOATION FILED DBO. 9, 1895.

CIJ

INVENTOH W/TNESSES:

No. 897,314. PATENTED SEPT. 1, 1908.

F. E. STEBBINS.

GAR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 9, 1895.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

WITNESSES.

N0. 897,314. PATENTED SEPT. 1, 1908.

F. E. STEBBINS.

CAR CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 9, 1895.

7 SHEET$SHEET 6.

v WITNESSES:

A wiumwl INVENTOR 7 SEEETS-SHEET 7.

PATENTEDSEPT. 1, 1908.

P. E. STEBBINS.

GAR CONSTRUCTION APPLIOATION FILED DEC. 9, 1895- citizen .of the United States, residing at .Washington, District of Columbia, have inthe improvements consist in reorganizing forth and claimed.

' To all whom it may concern between the plates or between the clear story UNITED STATES PATENT oFFrcE:

FRANK e. STEBBINS, or WASHINGTON, DISTRICT or COLUMBIA.

can c'oNsTRUo'rr-oN.

Be it, known that I,-FRANK-E. STEBBINs, a

vented certain new and useful Improvements in Car Construction, of which the following, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, is. a specification sufficiently full, clear, and accurate as will enable persons skilled in the art of car-building to physically embody and use the same.

. The novelties introduced into the art relate mainly to the reorganization, construction and adaptation of the interior'of a car for sleeping purposes. a

The main objects arethe production of a sleeping car which shall bemore convenient, commodious, and open and,less obstructed in the top portion thereof than cars heretofore built; which shall have alcoves for use in undressing dressing and washing adjacent the upper and lower berths; which shall have relatively high windows; which shall have places for storing bedding by day; in which the upper berths may be shut off fromthe central passage and access thereunto be had from the alcove space, or at the end of the berth; in which the seats shallbe ada ted to constitute a. lounge by day and Whic shall be strengthened in the top to prevent crushing in case of accidents. 5

With these ends and'objects to be'attained the interior of the car so that alcoves will be formed between or adjacent the sections, each alcove being provided with toilet appliancesand means for inclosing the same to constitute a receptacle for bedding by day; in constructing the upper berth so it may contract and fold to a position parallel with the wall and adjacent the plate; in providing the upper berth with a guard on,the side next to the central passage and making said berth open at one end to the alcove or open at one end to the central passage; in locating arch rails in the-top of the car which shall. extend sills; and in constructing the seats ofa section so that one halfthe area thereof may be transformed into a lounge by day. I

The improvements consist still further in certain novelties of construction, formation, and combinations of parts hereinafter set The accompanying drawings illustrate one completeexample of the physical embodispecification of Letters Patent. Application filed December 9, 1895. Serial No. 571,578.

Patented Sept. 1, 1968 ment of my invention, and one modification of the upper berth, constructed according to the best modes I have so far devised for the practical application of the principles.

Figures 1 and 21 are plan views of two car bodies constituting when united a twin car. Fig. 3 is a cross section of the car taken on line S, S, Fig. 2, and looking in the direction of the arrow, showing one of the u per berths contracted and folded perpendicu arly against the wall of the car and adjacent the plate, and the berth on the ,opposite side of the car lowered and extended in a horizontal plane below the pivots of the berth and in' Zand showing in one section the upper berth lowered and with the guard in lace, and in another section the upper berth c osed against the wall of the car, and one alcove closed up as'it appears by day. Fig. 6 is a plan view of one section and an alcove adjacent'the section showing one location of the bedding when stored, and one halfof the seats and backs transformed into alounge for day use.

Fig. 7 is a sectional View of Fig; 6 taken on line mm, Fig. 8 is a one-half cross section of a car illustrating a modified construction of abontracting upper berth. Fig. 9 is a top plan view of the upper berth panel and movable extension shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 10 is a cross section of Fig.- 9. Fig. 11 is an end view of the berth'contracted, with one part of the mattress or bed bottom shifted parallel with the other part. c

Certain specific elements and parts shown by the drawings which illustrate an application of my method of construction are designated by numerals as follows: 1 are sectlons ,consisting of two seats facing each other, the

sections being arranged along each sidewall of the car as shown; 2, alcoves adjacent the sections; 3, vertical fixed partitions above seat backs; 4, a fixed partition; 54, bulk heads which are in line with the seat backs, one edge of each being in contact with the wall of the car, and extending from the seat backs to the arch rails or roof; 55, seat backs permanently secured in position; 56, head rests secured to the backs; 57 doubleseat cushions; 58 ,rernovable and adjustable back pleces; 59, grooved plates; 60, journals which fit the grooves in the plates and are carried by the seat cushions; 61, permanent arated by strips of suitable material to form pockets; 7, end pieces; 8, the edge piece of the outer 'part; 9, parts of wood or metal which telescope between the panels 5 and 6,

as shown; 10, end pieces of the outer part;

68, sheathings secured to the roof and which match the edges of the upper berths when closed so as to present a surface continuous with the surface of the berth panel, the said sheathings constituting aprons slightly projecting from the inner surface of the roof; 69,

a curtain located back of the upper berth; 70, berth ropes which support theupper berth at the sides; 71, pulleys or friction wheels over which the ropes pass ;172, spring fusees. to which the ends of the ropesare secured, said'fusees being located in the alcoves so as not to prevent the closing of the upper berth against the wall of the car; 73, torsion braided wire mattresses or bed bottoms having the inner portions thereof attached to the inner or permanent parts of the lower berths; 74, the folding portions 'ofthe mat+ tresses or bed bottoms; 75, berth guards secured to the outer edge of'tlle, movable part of the upper berth 76, a-guard rope or cord;

77, rings at the ends of the rope; 78, hookssecured to the, arch rails; 79, the arch rails which may extend from one plate to the other or from one clear story sill to the other; 80, curtain rods-in the arch rails; 81, posts, which extend from' the seat backs to the archrails; 82;a narrow "head board which matches the edge of a bulkhead and engages at its outer edge .one ofthe'posts and closes the space between thetop of a seat back and the end of an upper berth when lowered; 83, metallic pieces on the edge-of the head board for engaging a post; 105, longitudinal plates of the car; 84, a removable cover for the alcove receptacle; 85, a rod support for one end of the top board or cover; 86, 87, leaves of a hinged door, the

inner leaf being hinged to the wall of the car or to the bulkhead and seat back, and the other leaf hinged to the aforesaid leaf; 88,

89-, ,alcove end doors, hinged to the seatbacks or seat ends; 90, an opening to the space beneath a seat, formed by removing t e lower portion of the seat back; 91., folding Wash basins located, when folded, in or adjacent the car wall; 92, waste water pipes which discharge through the bottom of the car; 93, removable mattresses for the upper and lower berths which are stored in the alcove receptacles by day; 94, the ends of the seats; 95, in Fig. 8, the upper berth piv ots which are fixed so as to have a rotary motion only; 96, a berth arm; 97, a guard; 98, a cord; 99 and 100 double torsion braided wire mattresses or bed bottomsone partpermanently attached in position and the other movable or hinged to the first mentioned part and adapted to fold; 101, a sliding rod frame movable relative to the inner or lower portion of the upper berth; 102, bearings within which the rods slide; 103, a curtain roll; and 104 the arch rails.

The substantial steps taken in reorganizing,'reconstructing ant arranging the interior .of the carfor the phrpos'es specified consist L in dividing up and apportioning the floor area, somewhat as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, so that the space along the side walls of the car will be divided into sections and each section be provided with an inclosed alcove adjacent its end; supporting upgper berths which cancontract 01' ave one part movable relative to the other, providel with safety guards adjacent the central passage, and located above each sectional area shown in the plans; making parts of thecushions and back upholsterings of the seats within a section adjustable toform a lounge when so desired; and strengthening the top of the car with arch rails.

i The sections are each made about 6 1" long and of any convenient width. The backs of the seats of adjacent sections are spaced about 26,apart to form a washing and dressing alcove and a receptacle for bedding by day. Each cushion and back piece, exclusive of the head rest, is made in two pieces as shown. Under each cushion is atin which fitinto holes in a permanent rail and which holdthe cushions in place. The purposeof the strip atthe front of the cushion is to raise the front edge so that a backwardly slanting seat will be formed. Each cushion has journals attached to its corners at the rear edge which move in-the slotted lates', only one of said plates being shown. l lach removable back piece is supported 1n proper position as shown in, Fig. 7, by any suitable means. To form a lounge the front edge of each cushion adjacent the side of the car is raised far enough to withdraw the pins each is then pulled forward to the position shown in dotted lines so as to rest upon the permanent rail ;.each removable back piece adjacent the wall is dropped to a horlzontal position as indicated, the rear edge being supportedon piece 64 and the front edge onledge'l attached to the cushion. By this tacheda strip'of wood having pins set theremanipulation one half of the area is transformed into-a lounge. A similar manipula- 5 area into a foundation for a lower berth.

The head rest may be made adjustable if desired in any well knownway'.

The upper berth is made in two parts, the inner or lower one comprising a wooden panel with end pieces, said panel preferably being curved at the pivoted edge as shown in sectional view, Fig. 3, and the upper or outer portion having an edge piece or board and parts telescoping into the lower or inner part. The particular manner in which the outer part of this upperberth contracts against the inner part or folds onto it is not material as various forms of mechanism'may be selected. .In the first example is shown the outer or upper edge sliding between panels of the lower or inner part. andthe same constitutes a desirable construction. The torsion braided wire mattress or bed'bottom ispreferably made in two parts hinged together so it can fold, the front part turning over onto the back part, which latter part may be fastened to the inner portion of the upper berth. The

object is the provision of such a mattress or bed'bottom as can be foldedor shifted one part relative to the other to allow the outer part 66 to be moved inwardly. When the berth is turned up the projection into the car from the wall wilLbe only twice the thickness of the mattress or bed bottom, as shown at the left in 3. A sheathing 68 is located on the ceiling above the plate so as to match the upper edge of the berth when folded against the wall. A cord and fusee, the latter placed in the alcove as shown, assist in raising and lowering the. berth. Friction pulleys may be used as bearings for the cords where they pass through the bulkheads. The upper berth is pivoted by fixed hinges or ivotal means at its inner edge to the bulk eads, though it may bepivoted to the wall, and in such a manner that when lowered the body thereof lies in a lane, below a horizontal plane through t e pivots, and when raised lies substantially above the pivots.

This is an important feature, as it locates the berth byday as high from the floor as possible, allowing the use of relatively high windows and, when lowered for use by night,

the berth is not too far from the floor to prevent easyaccess thereto.

are in line with the seat. backs, preferably extend to the arch rails, and their inner edges abut the wall of the car, and they are of sufficient width to elose up the ends. of the upper berth when the same is raised. A bulk-head forms in connection with the short head board 82 and a seat back one of the walls shutting ofi the lower berth at one end fromanalcove. The ,short head board fits a beading on the seat back and engages the The bulkheads bulk head and has metallic clips engaging a post, as indicated at the right in Fig. 3. The curtain roll is located back of the upper berth at 69,- but may be located below the pivoted inner edge of the upper berth as shown at the right in Fig; 3. The location of the roll back of the berth allows the windows to extend several inches higher than otherwise.

To strengthen the car in the top and to partially shut offone section and alcove from another, arch rails are located in line with the seat back boards and extend from plate to plate in the main example, and be' tween the clear story sills in the modification shown by Fig. 8. They may extend up to the ceiling of the clear story'or be left open in that portion of the top ofthe car between the clear "story sills. Posts 81 are located on the seat backs at their outer ends and join the arch rails at their top ends. In the arch rails are located rods 80. which project through and terminate in hooks 78. To these hooks 'are secured the rings or eyes at the ends of the rope 76 which in part or en; tirely support the udpeer berth in a horizontal position and enti ly support the guard 75.. This guard may be of any suitable material and may entirely shut off the upper berth space from the central passage,'or it may be of the form shown in Fig. 5 admitting access to the upper berth at the seat end. When extending the entire length of the berth access is had to the upper berthfrom the alcove only and it is thus mademore desirable for sleeping purposes than the lower berth. I

. It will be noted that the shape of the lower part of the upper berth panel is curved in cross section and that the pivots are located near the extreme rear edge so that when the berth is closed up and in a raised position adjacent the plate, and extending a little above it, a graceful curve is presented whichin connection with the sheathing above and upon the ceiling forms an ogee curve. ther, and which is of much importance, the shape of the lower part of the berth and the location of the pivots allow theberth to'lie when unfolded or swung down in a lower Still furplane than would be possible if the arrangement were otherwise; the top of the floor to the top of the plate is, for well known reasons, limited in practice to 6 10 or 7. The distance from the floor over the seat cushions is about 1 6". The distance between the berths should be approximately 3. The construction and arrangement shown allows the upper berth to drop or swing to the desired' position below the top of the, windows and also to take a high position above. the window area in the day time, making the use of high windows possible, and to be substantially parallel with the side of the car and slightly project- The distance from substituted which lies compactly adjacent the wall and plate of the car. However,

the great advantages attending the improved construction. of the upper berth make it necessary to provide a storage receptacle for the mattresses, bedding, and other paraphernalia by day. The alcoves, therefore, are adapted to hold and conceal the bedding, 620., when not in use. The alcoveconstruction is as follows: The lower part of the seat backs are cut away at 90 so the space under the seats can be utilized in connection with the alcove space proper. Two doors 88, 89 are-hinged to the seat backs and fold inwardly as shown in dotted lines, Fig. 6. A

double door having leaves 86, 87 is hinged to the bulk head and swings, as shown in dotted line Fig. 6, to constitute a head board completely shutting off a section from an alcove at one end. he cover for the alcove receptacle consists of-a board of two leaves resting on top of the end doors and supported on rod .85 attached to door 86. The open space be tween the backs of the seats above the cover is adapted for the reception of bundles, hand bags and the like during the day. There is shown in Fig. 6.. one method of storing the bedding, 93, 93, being mattresses hung up or deposited behind the door 86 adjacent the car wall. To economize spaceas much as possible a folding wash basin is arranged to close up into the car wall above'a waste water discharge pipe. As shown in Fig. 5 the seat ends extend some distance beyond the back boards makingthe entrance to the the alcove narrower than the width of the alcove itself. The floors of the alcoves are substantially on alevel with the car floor and the alcoves when adapted for use by p'assengers for undressing, dressing, and washing are inclosed except at their front portions. A free and unobstructed inclosed space and area is thus provided at the level of the-floor for the purposes specified, the walls of an al cove, and especially the seat backs, serving as supports for the passenger when equilibrlum is dlsturbed by the swaying of the moving car. When a section is arranged for sleeping purposes the berth curtain is sus: pended from the rope 76,,and rod-80 and shuts off both the section and the alcove from the central passage of the car.

Fig. 8 illustrates a modified embodiment of the upperberth which consists in, ivoting.

thearm 96in the wall at 95, an arm eing 10- cated at each end, so that the berth will 00* cupy a low position when swung down to a horizontal plane and a-relatively high posi tion adjacent the plate when raised or. swung to a perpendicular position against the wall.

The mattress 100 is supported on a telescoping rod frame 101 movable in guides 1'02 10- cated upon the aneled portion of the berth.

The mattress fo ds. to the position indicated by dotted lines and the outer edge of the rod frame is suspended andsupported from the arch rail 104 by a guard 97 as shown.

While only. one mode of the physical embodiments of the improvements,-aside-from the upper berth arrangement, has been set forth in full, it is not intended that the specific forms shall limit the scope of the invention. Other embodiments and forms may be used and many changes introduced without constituting substantial departures; for instance, the roof may be of a different shape; the upper berth contracted, adjusted, telescoped and transformed in a variety-of equivalent ways; the elements which const1tute the means-for closing the alcove be modified in number, shape, and disposition; and many other and similar equivalents introduced. When the part substituted for any part herein shown or described isfor the same purpose and 'an'ade by taking substantiallyv the same steps as the part. it replaces, it will be re- 'garded as falling within the scope of my in- I vention. v

What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The corfibination in a car, of two seats facing each other, each seat having a cushion and movable. back upholstering; grooved vplates suitably supported; and journals carried by the seat cushion-and located in the grooves of the plates.

2. The combination'in a car, of two seats facing each other, each seat having two cushionsand movable back upholstering made in two parts; grooved plates suitably sup orted; and journals carried by the seat cus ions and located in the grooves of the plates.

'- 3. The combination in a car, of'two seats facing each other, each seat 11 aving a cushios v and movable back u holster-ing; grooved plates; journals carrie by the seat cushionu and locatedin the grooves of the plates; and removable means located at the front edges of the cushions for raisingthe edges and cansing the cushions to slant rearwardly.'

4-. The combination in a car, of two seats facing each other, each seat having two cuhs-v ions and movable back upholstering in two parts; grooved plates; journals carried by the cushions and-located in the grooves of the plates; and movable means at the front under surfaces of the cushions for raising the outer edges of the same.

5. The combination in a car, of two seats facing each other, each seat having a cushion when drawn out; an

with a strip, as 62, secured to its under surface and said strip provided with a pin or ins, as 63; and a seat rail with a hole or holes for the pin or pins.

6; The comblnation in a car, of two seats facing each other, each seat having two cushions'and movable back upholstering made in two parts; means at the under and outer edges of the cushions for raising said outer edges; and means for supporting and guiding the rear edges of the cushions so each sep- 'arately may be drawn outwardly and supported on a seat rail.

7. The combination in a car, of two seats facing each other, each seat having two cushions and back upholstering made in two,

parts means for supporting the cushions means carried by each cushion, as a ledge, to support the front edge of one part of the back upholstering when lowere v 8. The combination in a car, of two seats facing each other, each seat having two cushions and movable back upholstering made in two parts means at the outer and under surface of each cushifi for raising'its outer edge so the seat will slant rearwardly; .and means for supporting two cushions and two parts of the back upholsterings in a horizontal iplane to form a sofa the remaining cushions and back upholsterings being retained in their normal positions.

meet being supported by the seat rails.

10. The combination in a car, of two seats facing each other, each seat having a cushion and movable back upholstering; and means at the rear edge 'of'the cushion for supporting and guiding thesame when drawn out and resting upon the seat rail.

11. The combination with a car, of an upper berth comprising inner and outer arts, said inner part consisting of a panel wit .end pieces, and said outer part movable. away from and towards the inner part for widening and contracting the berth; the inner part being pivoted or hinged at its-extreme rear edge or portion to the car so that when swung up the body of the berth will be above the pivotal points, and when lowered the bodyof the berth will lie in a horizontal plane below the pivotal points.

12. The combination with a car, of an upper berth comprising inner and outer parts, sald inner part conslsting of a panel curved 1n cross section at its inner edge portion, and saldouter part movable away from and tothereof located between the sai wards the inner art for widening and coritractin the bert theiinner part being pivoted or inged at its extreme curved rear edge or portion to the car, whereby the pivotal points are above the berth when lowered and below the body thereof when the berth is turned up.

13. The combination Witha car, of an up-' per berth comprising inner and outerparts,

said inner part consisting of an outer anel and an inner panel spaced apart, an said outer part of the berth having a (part or parts two panels of the inner part and movable away from and towardsthe'innerpart for widening and Con tracting the berth, the said inner part-being pivoted at its extreme rear edge or portionfto the car. 1

' 14. The combination with a car wall, o an upper berth comprising inner and outer parts, said inner part consisting of a panel, and said outer part movable away from and towards the inner part for widening and contracting the berth, the inner part being pivoted or i hinged at its rear edge to the car, and said berth when contracted and turned to a ver tical position having its free edge located adjacent the inner surface of the roof, whereby space is provided below the berth for relatively high windows; 1

15. The combination with a car-wall, of an upper berth comprising'inner and outer arts,

said'inner part consisting of a panel, an said outer part movable away from and towards the inner part for wideningbandcontracting the berth, the inner part eing pivoted or hinged at its rear edge to' the car, and said berth when contracted and turned to a v.er-' tical position having its free edge located ad-' jacent the inner surface of the roof; and a sheathing or apron located u on the inner surface of the roof adjacent t e edge of-the' 1 berth.

16. The combination with a car wall and vertical bulk-heads, of an upper berth having an inner (part comprising a panel'and end pieces, an the inner, part saidi inner part of the. berth being pivoted to the call at its rear edge, and; its outer surface when said berth is contracted and raised to a vertical with the edges ofi the sai bulk-heads, whereby the ends of the berth will be covered by theb'ulk-heads. 17, The combination with a car, of an up? per berth comprising inner andouter parts, said inner part bonsisting of a vpanel with strengthening end pieces, and said outerpart movable away. from and towards the inner 12.5 4

adapted for use. I

an outer part movable relative to U position lying inli'ne I same is moved away from the inner part and i;

'18. The combination with a car wall, of an I upper berth comprising inner and outer parts,

[per berth com rising an inner part and an' outer part, said lnner part conslst ng of a- I the outer e ge of the outer part of t I when moved away from the inner part.

said inner 'part consisting of a panel with strengthening end pieces, and said outer part 'movable away from and towards the inner part for widening and contracting the berth; the inner part being pivoted or'hinged at its extreme rear edge to the car by fixed pivots s0 located that when the berth is contracted and swung up the body thereof will-be above the ivot'al points and'when lowered and exten ed the body of the berth will lie below the pivotal oints and means for supporting e berth 19."The combination with a car, of an upanel, and said .outer part -movable away rom and towards the inner part, said innerpart being pivoted or hinged at its inner edge to the car; and a guard in connection with the outer edge of the said outer part and supported at the roof to prevent the occupant rom being thrown from the berth.

20. The combination with a car, of two vertical bulkheads, as 54, secured in position against the car wall; and a contracting upper berth pivoted to the car and adapted to occupy a vertical. position between the two bulkheads and adjacent the roof and wall of the car, and also adapted to rotate on the pivots to a horizontal position with the body of the berth below the pivots; and means for supporting theouter edge of the berth when extended.

21. The combination with a car having windows, of the two seat backs 55; the two bulkheads 54 in line with the seat backs; an upper berth having an inner panel pivoted at its rear edge to the car, and an outer part .movable away from andtowards, the inner u pergberth pivoted to the car 'at' its inner ta l position and extended. 1 Y

v th a car, of seat backs bulkheads 54; an alcoveadjace'nt e geand adapted to occupy a vertical posi-- tion between the bulkheads; arch rails in line with the seat backs and bulkheads;- and meansfor supporting the outer edge of'the berth from-the arch rails when in a horizon- 23. The combination W1 the seat back; a contracting upper'berth adaptedto occupy a vertical position between the bulkheads; a fusee located in the alcove; and a cord or chain securedto the berth and fusee'. t v

a car, of seat backs 55; bulkheads 54; alcoves; 'a'pivot'ed upper berth; .two fusees located within the a coves; two bearings; and cords or chains secured to the berth and'fusees and passed over the bearings.-

25. The combination with a car, of an upper berth comprising inner and outer parts,

the inner part consisting of a panel pivoted or hinged at its inneredge to the car, and

said outer part movable away from and towards the inner part for widening and contracting the berth; and a mattress or bed bottom part of which can beturned over or shifted upon the other part, thus allowing the said outer part of the berth to be moved towards the inner part and the entire berth to be turned to a substantially vertical p0si.

tion adjacent the .car wall.

26. The/combination with a car, of an upper berth comprising inner and outer parts, the inner part consisting of a panel pivoted or hinged at its'inner edge to-the car, and said outer part'movable away from and to wards the inner part'for widening and contracting the berth; and a mattress or bed bottom formed of a plurality of pieces one of which can be turned or shifted upon the other, allowing the said outer part of the berth to be moved towards the inner part,' and the berth to be turned to a vertical position adjacent the 'wall so as to project into the carinterior a distance equal only to twice the thickness of the mattress or bed bottom.

27 The combination with a car, of an upper berth comprising two parts one of which "18 pivoted or hinged to thecar at its inner edge, and the other part movable towards and away from thefirst part; and a folding mattress or bedbottom.

28; The combination with'a car, of an up per berth comprising a plurality ofparts, the inner art being pivoted or hinged at its inner edge to the car, and the outer part movable towards and away from the inner part; and a mattress or bed bottom the front part of which can be turned over upon the rear part, thus allowing the entire berth to be ex I tended .and also contracted so as to occupy a car, of the when turned up a substantially vertical pos tionbelow the roof of the car.-

v29. The combination with a car, of a berth comprising two parts, one a panel with end pieces, and the other having an edge piece and bodily movable towards and away from the panel; and a mattressor bed'bottom comprised of a plurality of pieces one of which can be shifted or turned on the other; the said panel being hinged or-pivoted to the car and the entire berth and bed bottom when contracted adapted to occupy a substantially vertical position adjacent the car Wall and roof.

30. The combination with a car, of an upper berth hinged or pivoted to the car and comprising two parts, one of which slides rails; the same being located substantially in below the clear story sills.

. backs; bulkheads; arch rails; folding upper .the seat'backs and bulkheads; and contract.

- occupy vertical positions between the bulkthe same being located substantially in versections or spaces occupied by the seats.

. one type consisting of hinged'partitions and l the other type closing the opening between I comprising. two parts, one of-which*slides bed bottom; and means for supporting the "car, of the seat backs; bulkheads; arch rails relative to the other, and a folding'mattress or bed bottom. l

31. The combination with a car, of an" upper berth hinged or pivoted to the car and relative to the other; a folding mattress or outer edge of the berth and bed bottomwhen the same are extended for use.

32. The combination in a car, of a series of sections and alcoves located along the opposite sides thereof; and arch rails located in the top of the car and substantially in line with the seat backs which bound the alcoves and the sections.

33. The combination in analcove sleeping car, of the ,seat backs; bulkheads; and arch vertical planes for bounding and partially separating alcoves from sections.

34. The combination in an alcove sleeping car, of seat backs 55; bulkheads 54; and arch rails extending in line with the seat backs 35. The combination in an alcove sleeping car, of the seat backs; alcoves between seat berths adapted tooccupy positions between the bulkheads; and means supporting the berths when lowered.

36. The combination in an alcove sleepingsubstantiallv in the top of the car in line with ing upper berths which fold to vertical positions. I

37. The combination in an alcove sleeping car of the seat backs; bulkheads; arch rails substantially in line with the bulkheads and seat backs; folding upper berths adapted to tical planes and constituting the boundaries of alcovesand sections; and movable head boards forshutting off the alcoves from. the.

'40. The combination in an alcove sleeping car, of seat backs, and bulkheads, the same being located in vertical planes and spaced to form alcoves and sections; folding upper berths adapted to occupy horizontal positions and movable partitions or .headboards,

the top edge of a seat back and the end of an upper berth when lowered, whereby access may be had to the upper berth end from an alcove.

41. The combination in an alcove sleeping car, of seat backs and bulkheads bounding the alcoves and sections; and movable partitions being hinged to the car and one of said partitions consisting of a plurality of folding leaves.

42. The combination in an alcove sleeping car, of seat backs and bulkheads bounding the alcoves and sections; and movable partitions; one of which for an alcove has two leaves and is hinged to the surface of a bulkhead and extends below the seat back, the wider leaf beingof the width of an alcove and forming when closed the door of a closet bounded by the car wall and bulkheads.

43. The combination in an alcove sleeping car, of seat backs and bulkheads bounding the alcoves and sections; movable means, as doors 88, 89, for closing the ends of the alcoves; and movable top covers, as 84, each located in a horizontal plane below the tops of the seat backs.

44. The combination in an alcove sleeplng car, of seat backs and bulkheads bounding the alcoves and sections; means for closing the end of each alcove; a cover located in a plane below the tops of the seat backs of each alcove; and movable means for closing the spacebetween the bulkheads and car'wall to form acloset in each alcove.

45. The combination in an alcove sleefping car, of seat backs shutting ofi sections r alcoves and bulkheads bounding the alcoves and sections; means for. closing the end of each alcove; a cover for each alcove located below vthe tops of the seat backs; and a 4 swinging door extending below the seat backs, serving to shut off the alcove from one section by night and as a door to a closet by Z6. The combination in a sleeping car, of fixed seat backs located adjacent the car walls and at right angles thereto dividing the floor area into a central aisle, sections, and alcoves; seats and upholsterings adapted to form 'a lower berth in each section; means for entirely closin one'side ofeach alcove; a movable wall at movable top iece located in an alcove below the tops of t e seat backs to form' a recep-' tacle for bedding and also a space for hand baggage above the movable top, piece by day;

the front of an alcove and a and a contracting upper berth hingedto the car in each section and adapted toswing 'to a vertical position adjacent the wall.

47. In .a sleeping car, the combination with the bulkheads and seat backs, of hinged and folding headboards, each consisting of two parts 86 and 87, in substance as set forth.

48. The-combination in a sleeping car, of a v tially in line with the seat backs; and posts extending from the arch rails to the seat backs. I

51. The combination in a sleeping car, of fixed seat-backs located adjacent the car wall and at right angles thereto dividing the floor areaintoa section and an alcove; an upper berth in the section comprised of inner and outer parts, said inner part consisting of a panel pivoted or hinged at its inner edge to the car, and said outer part movable away from and towards the inner section for widening and contracting the berth; said berth when contracted being adapted to swing up 1 to a vertical position close against the car -wall; and movable means for inclosing part of the alcove space to form a receptacle by day for the bedding of the upper berth.

52. The combination in a sleeping car and with apair of windows, of a collapsible upper berth which when raised occupies a substan tially vertical position above the windows and when turned downwardly occu ies a lower position in a horizontal plane be ow or adjacent the upper edge of the windows; an

alcove adjacent a seat back; andmeans for inclosing the alcove'thus forming a receptacle to receive the, bedding by day.

53. sleeping car having pairs of seats facing each other and adapted to be transformed into lower berths; collapsible upper berths; hinged movable partitions, extending from the seat backs to positions above the upper berths when lowered; alcoves adjacent the seat backs; and head boards, as 82, for shutting off the alcoves from the lower berths.

54. The combination in a sleeping car,.of

fixed seat backs located adjacent the car wall I and at right angles thereto dividing the floor area into a section and an alcove; means for forming a lower berth in the section; a'corltracting uppen berth hinged to the car in the section and adapted when contracted to swmg up to a vertical position-againstthe wall; partitions closing thesection at one end and the alcoveat one side; and movable means for lnclosmg part of the alcove to form 3 receptaclefor the bedding of the berths by car, of the seat backs 55; bulkheads 54; a

folding wash basin, as 51, located adjacent folded, and also by night serves to shut oif v an alcove from adjacent upper and lower berths.

56. The combination in an alcov'e sleeping 1 movable means in connection with the bulkheads forming a partition which conceals the basin when folded.- I

57. The combinationin an alcove sleeping car, of two se a t backs bounding an alcove; removable means for closing the end of the alcove; a removable cover below the tops of the seat backs; and a folding partition having means, as a rod 85, to support the end of the removable cover.

58. The combination in an alcove sleeping carof seat backs 55' bounding an alcove and cut awayat 90; means for closing the end of the alcove; and aremovable cover located below the tops of the seat backs.

59. The combination in an alcove sleeping car, ofseat backs bounding alcoves; seats for use as specified.

60. The combination in an alcove sleeping car, of pairs of seats facing each other; seat backs 55, 55 spaced apart to form alcoves between .said seat backs; and seatends 94,

v94, which extend beyond the backs 55 and .in front of the alcove spaces.

61. The combination in a sleeping car, of

permanent seat backs and bulk heads arranged at right angles to the wall thereof and.

forming a plurality of sections and alcoves, said bulkheads beingsubstantially in the planes of the seat backs and located adjacent the ends of the upper berths when folded;

and movable means for'inclosing the space between two adjacent bulk heads and the car wall to form an openable cabinet; the alcoves being, shut ofiJfrom the lower berths by the permanent seat backs, and open and unobstructed sufficiently to afford suitable standing space for passengers in undressing and dressing.

62. The combination in a sleeping car, of permanent seat backs and bulk-heads arranged at right angles to the wall thereof and forming a plurality of sections and alcoves, v

, said bulk heads being substantially. in the- 55. The combination in an alcove sleeping planes of the seat backs andextending up-I wardly therefrom and 'locatedadjacent the ranged atright angles to the wall thereof and forming a plurality of sections and alcoves, said bulk heads being substantially in the planes of the seat backs and located adjacent the ends of the upper berths when folded; movable means for inclosing the space between two adjacent bulkheads and-the car wall to form an openable cabinet; and a wash basin within the cabinet; the alcoves being shut off from the lower berths by the permanent seat backs.

64. The combination in a sleeping car, of permanent seat backs and bulk heads arranged at right angles to the wall thereof and forming a plurality of sections and alcoves; said bulk heads beingsubstantially in the planes of the seat backs, extending upwardly and located adjacent the ends of the upper berths when folded; movable means for inclosing space between two adjacent bulk heads and the car wall to form an openable cabinet; and a folding wash basin within the cabinet; the alcoves being shut off from the lower berths by the seat backs.

65. The combination in a sleeping car of permanent seat backs and bulk heads arranged at right angles to the wallof the car and forming a plurality of sections and alcoves, said bulk heads being substantially in the planes of the seat backs and located adjacent the ends of the upper berths when folded; movable means for inclosing the space between two adjacent bulk heads and the car wall to form an openable cabinet; and a movable, horizontally disposed platform crossing the space between the seat backs and locatedbelow the tops of said seat backs, said alcoves being open and unobstructed sufiiciently to afford suitable se cluded standing spaces for passengers in undressing and dressing.

66. The combination in a sleeping car, of three fixed seat backs 55 in series located adj acent the car wall and at right angles thereto dividing the floor area into a section 1 and an alcove space 2 adjacent the wall; seats with upholsterings movable to form alower berth within the section; means for formin a,'horizontal upper berth above the seats an entirely within the section; and twohead boards or partitions, one of them being movable, in connection with the seat back at one side of the alcove and the seat-back at the end of the section remote from the alcove for inclosing said section and alcove; said alcove space being open and unobstructed above the floor provlding free st'aiidin room for the passenger in undressing and dressing, and said alcove space also entirely shut off from the lower berth of the section by the fixed seat back so access to the lower berth is possible only by way of the front of the section.

67. The combination in a sleeping car, of three fixed seat backs 55 in series located adjacent the car walland at right angles thereto dividing the floor area into a' section 1 and an alcove space 2 adjacentthe wall; seats with upholsterings movable to form a lower .berth within the section; means for forming a horizontal upper berth above the seats and entirely within the section; a wash basin at the wall in the alcove; and two head boards or partitions, 'one of them being movable, in connection with the seat back atone side of the alcove and the seat back at the end of the section remote from the alcove for inclosing said section and alcove; said alcove space being open and unobstructed above the floor providing free standing room for the passenger in undressing, washing and dressing, and said alcove space also entirely shut off from'the lower berth of the section by the fixed seat back so access to the lower berth ispossible only by way of the. front of the section.

68. The combination in a sleeping car, of three fixed seatbacks 55 in series located adjacent the car wall and at right angles thereto dividing the floor area into a section 1 and an alcove space 2 adjacent the wall; seats with upholsterings movableto form a lower berth within the section; means for forming being open and unobstructed above the floor providing free standing room for the passenger in undressing and dressin and said alcove space also entirely shut off from the lower berth of the section by the fixed seat back so access to the lower berth is possible only by Way ofthe front of the section; and j movable partitions for closing part of the alcove space between the seat backs, or at the rear of the seat back, to form a receptacle by day.

69. The combination in a sleeping car, of fixed seat backs located adjacent the car walls and at right'angles thereto dividing the floor area into a central aisle, sections, and alcove spaces adjacent the walls; seats with upholsterings movable'to form lower berths in the sections; and means for forming a horizontal upper berthdirectly above the seats in each section and entirely within the same; said alcoves being open and unobstructed above the floor providing'free standingspaces for passengers in undressing and dressing, and each alcove space also entlrely shut off from the lower bert or berths by the fixed seat back or fixed seat backs so access to said lower berths is possible only by way of the central aisle.

7 O. The combination in a sleeping car, of fixed partitions and seat backs located adj acent'the car walls and at right angles thereto dividing the floor area into a central aisle, sections, and alcove spaces adjacent the walls; seats with upholsterings movable to form lower berths in'the sections; means for forming a, horizontal upper berth directly above the seats in each section and entirely within the same; and a wash basin adjacent the wall in each alcove; said alcoves being open and unobstructed above the fioor pro- I viding free standing spaces for passengers in undressing, dressing and washing, and each alcove space also entirely shut oil. from the lower berth or berths by the fixed seat back or fixed seat backs soaccess to said lower berths is aisle.

71. The combinationin a sleeping car, of fixed partitions and seat backs located adjacent the car walls and at right angles thereto dividing the floor area-into a central aisle, sections, and alcove spaces adjacent the walls; seats with upholsterings movable to form lower. berths in the sections means for forming a horizontal upper berth directly above the seats in each section and entirely within the same; and movable head boards or partitions in connection with the seat backs; said alcoves being open and unobpossible only by way of the central structed above the floor providing free standing spaces for passengers in undressing and dressing, and each alcove space also entirely shut off from the lower berth or berths by the fixed seat back or fixed seat backs so access to said lower berths is possible only by way of Witnesses:

L. L. JoHNsoN, GEO. C. VIDpTTo. 

